Oceanologia No. 39 (2) / 97

Contents

Prof. Krystyna Wiktor (Obituary)

Papers

• Slawomir Kaczmarek, Olga J. Koblentz-Mishke, Stanislaw Ochocki, Jan Nakonieczny, Henryk Renk: Primary production in the eastern and southern Baltic Sea
• Dorota Napierska, Marie T. Thebault, Janusz Pempkowiak, Edward Skorkowski: Comparison of short-term cadmium poisoning in the shrimp Crangon crangon from the Baltic Sea and the shrimp Palaemon serratus from the Atlantic Ocean with cadmium bioaccumulation and malic enzyme activity in abdomen muscle
• Joanna Kozuch, Iwona Wilkowska, Janusz Pempkowiak: The kinetics of cadmium accumulation and loss from Mytilus trossulus in the presence of marine humic substances
• Joanna Kozuch, Janusz Pempkowiak, Gotfryd Kupryszewski, Piotr Mucha, Piotr Rekowski, Joanna Smol: Analysis of ferritin-type proteins in the hepatopancreas of Baltic blue mussel (Mytilus trossulus)
• Sergey I. Pogosyan, Marina A. Sivchenko, Viktor N. Maximov, Miroslawa Ostrowska: Physiological heterogeneity of an algal population: classification of Scenedesmus quadricauda cenobia by the features of their photosynthetic apparatus
• Justyna Miac, Malgorzata Groth, Maciej Wolowicz: Seasonal changes in the Mya arenaria (L.) population from Inner Puck Bay

Chronicle

• Henryk Gurgul: Henryk Arctowski and Antoni Dobrowolski in the hundreth anniversary of 'Belgica' expedition to Antarctica

Prof. Krystyna Wiktor (Obituary) by Marcin Plinski
Oceanologia 1997, no. 39 (2), pp. 113–116

Papers

Primary production in the eastern and southern Baltic Sea
Oceanologia 1997, no. 39 (2), pp. 117–135

Keywords: Primary production; Spatial distribution; Baltic Sea Manuscript received April 29, 1997, in final form June 3, 1997.

Abstract

The results of long-term measurements of the photosynthetic primary production in the Baltic Sea have been collected (over 800 daily values from the 1968–1991). During this period substantial eutrophication of the sea was found to have taken place, leading to an annual increase in production of between 5.2 and 10 g C m^–2 in consecutive years, depending on the area. Taking this process into account, a map of annual production in 1991 was prepared. This shows the production in the sea to be spatially highly diverse, a fact which can probably be explained by the influence of the dynamics of nutrient-carrying water masses.

Comparison of short-term cadmium poisoning in the shrimp Crangon crangon from the Baltic Sea and the shrimp Palaemon serratus from the Atlantic Ocean with cadmium bioaccumulation and malic enzyme activity in abdomen muscle
Oceanologia 1997, no. 39 (2), pp. 137–146

Keywords: Cadmium poisoning; Shrimp; C. crangon; P. serratus; Abdomen muscle; Malic enzyme Manuscript received January 22, 1997, in final form March 17, 1997.

Abstract

Shrimps were exposed to various concentrations of CdCl₂ under laboratory conditions for 96 h. Although kept at the same Cd²⁺ concentration but at different salinities – C. crangon in Baltic seawater (6 PSU) and P. serratus in Atlantic water (36 PSU) – the shrimps accumulated a Cd²⁺ level in abdomen muscle which was much higher in the animals kept at the lower salinities than in those at the higher ones. The same Cd²⁺ bioaccumulation of ca 80 ng g^–1 w.w. of abdomen muscle were found in C. crangon kept in 0.2 mg dm^–3 of CdCl₂ in Baltic seawater and in P. serratus kept in 2 mg dm^–3 of CdCl₂ in Atlantic water. In both cases the NADP-dependent malic enzyme activity per g w.w. of shrimp abdomen muscle was higher by ca 150% in animals kept at a CdCl₂ concentration close to LC₅₀ as compared to the control groups.

The kinetics of cadmium accumulation and loss from Mytilus trossulus in the presence of marine humic substances
Oceanologia 1997, no. 39 (2), pp. 147–156

Keywords: Mytilus trossulus; Cadmium; Radiotracer; Accumulation; Depuration; Humic substances; Temperature Manuscript received February 28, 1997, in final form April 4, 1997.

Abstract

The accumulation and loss of cadmium (Cd) by the Baltic blue mussel Mytilus trossulus in the presence of marine humic substances (HS) was investigated under laboratory conditions. The organisms were exposed to Baltic Sea water (salinity 7.0 PSU, pH 7.9) containing cadmium (50 g Cd dm^–3) or radiocadmium (9 kBq ^115mCd dm^–3) and humic substances (0.0–7.2 mg HS dm^–3). Experiments were carried out in seawater at two different constant temperatures (6^oC 1^oC or 15^oC 1^oC). The exposure time ranged from 8 to 21 days.

It was found that marine humic substances stimulate cadmium accumulation by the mussels; however, the effect was strongly modified by temperature. At 6^oC cadmium was preferably accumulated in the gills while at 15^oC the metal was stored mainly in the hepatopancreas. Two pools of cadmium accumulated by Mytilus trossulus were detected. Cadmium adsorbed to the shell was desorbed quickly and efficiently after the mussels, previously grown in seawater containing an elevated metal concentration (8 days, 50 g Cd dm^–3 or 9 kBq ^115m Cd dm^–3), had been transferred to natural seawater (60 days, 0.03 g Cd dm^–3, 0 kBq ^115m Cd dm^–3). The other pool of cadmium, accumulated in the soft tissue of the mussels, remained intact after depuration experiments lasting several weeks. Humic substances had no effect on the depuration of cadmium from either pool.

Analysis of ferritin-type proteins in the hepatopancreas of Baltic blue mussel (Mytilus trossulus)
Oceanologia 1997, no. 39 (2), pp. 157–162

Keywords: Mytilus trossulus; Ferritin; Capillary electrophoresis Manuscript received May 13, 1997, in final form June 20, 1997.

Abstract

Ferritin is a protein able to store and transport not only iron, but also, though to a lesser extent, some other heavy metals, including cadmium. This study concerned the analysis of ferritin-type proteins in a dominant species of the southern Baltic zoobenthos, the blue mussel Mytilus trossulus. Proteins were isolated by precipitation from homogenised mussel hepatopancreases. The protein samples were heated (70 ^oC) and acidified (pH 4.5). Then the proteins with a molecular weight close to that of plant ferritin were separated by ultracentrifugation. These preparations were compared using capillary electrophoresis with plant ferritins isolated from lupin (Lupinus luteus) and amaranth (Amaranthus hybridus). The electrophoregrams obtained revealed that the hepatopancreas of the Baltic blue mussel (Mytilus trossulus) contains a protein displaying the properties of plant ferritin.

Physiological heterogeneity of an algal population: classification of Scenedesmus quadricauda cenobia by the features of their photosynthetic apparatus
Oceanologia 1997, no. 39 (2), pp. 163–175

Keywords: Chlorophyll; Fluorescence; Induction curves cluster analysis Manuscript received April 25, 1997, in final form June 12, 1997.

Abstract

An analysis of the typological composition of individual cenobia of the microalga Scenedescemus quadricauda using typification of chlorophyll fluorescence induction curves is presented. Cluster analysis was applied to separate various types of induction curves. The 12 representative types of fluorescence induction curves of S. quadricauda are given. The possibility of division into separate clusters confirms the assumption of the discrete states of the photosynthetic apparatus. The connection between the functional structure of the population and its growth stage can be established.

Seasonal changes in the Mya arenaria (L.) population from Inner Puck Bay
Oceanologia 1997, no. 39 (2), pp. 177–195

Keywords: Mya arenaria; Population dynamics; Biochemical composition; Inner Puck Bay Manuscript received April 4, 1997, in final form May 20, 1997.

Abstract

Morphometric relationships, the growth rate, sex distribution and annual fluctuation in dry flesh weight, biochemical composition and energy value of the sublittoral bivalve Mya arenaria (L.) from Inner Puck Bay were studied from May 1994 to April 1995.

M. arenaria grows rapidly during the first year of its life, after which the growth rate decreases. The oldest individual was 5 years old and 53 mm long. Judging from the sex distribution and analysis of biochemical composition, the soft-shell clam breeds in June–July. Analysis of the growth rate and the age distribution confirms the theories that specimens of M. arenaria found in low latitudes reach a smaller maximum size and grow more slowly than those living in higher latitudes.

The biochemical composition was determined in the 20–30 mm length class. The mean percentages of the main components of dry flesh were: proteins 47.54 6.0 (male), 51.28 7.7 (female); carbohydrates 9.28 3.7 (male), 10.40 4.0 (female); glycogen 5.74 2.8 (male), 6.72 3.5 (female); lipids 8.67 1.8 (male), 8.79 1.3 (female).

Analysis of lipid and carbohydrate (glycogen) content in tissues of the soft-shell clam yielded the highest values in the residue (gonads and hepatopancreas). The lipid level is much higher in early spring, before spawning, than in autumn, when gonad development begins.

The highest energy values are reported for August (20.82 J mg^–1 in both sexes), the lowest for October (14.38 J mg^–1 in males and 14.98 J mg^–1 in females). Seasonal changes in energy values are mainly connected with the availability of food and reproduction cycle.

Chronicle

Henryk Arctowski and Antoni Dobrowolski in the hundreth anniversary of 'Belgica' expedition to Antarctica
Oceanologia 1997, no. 39 (2), pp. 197–199